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The study of the environment and sexual orientation is research into possible environmental influences on the development of human sexual orientation. Some researchers distinguish environmental influences from hormonal influences, while others include biological influences such as prenatal hormones as part of environmental influences.〔 〕 Sexual orientation is theorized as possibly being a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences, or simply a complex combination of nature and nurture.〔 The American Psychological Association and Royal College of Psychiatrists acknowledge scientific theories that sexual orientation is caused by a combination of biological and postnatal environmental factors, but the American Psychological Association adds that despite much research into the genetic, hormonal, developmental, social, and cultural influences on sexual orientation, "no findings have emerged that permit scientists to conclude that sexual orientation is determined by any particular factor or factors."〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://rcpsych.ac.uk/pdf/PS02_2014.pdf )〕 Scientific consensus is that sexual orientation, unlike sexual orientation identity, is not a choice, as there has been no strong evidence to validate it as a lifestyle choice.〔〔Garcia-Falgueras, Alicia, & Swaab, Dick F., ''Sexual Hormones and the Brain: An Essential Alliance for Sexual Identity and Sexual Orientation'', in ''Endocrine Development'', vol. 17, pp. 22–35 (2010) (ISSN 1421-7082) (authors are of Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, of Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) (author contact is 2d author) (vol. 17 is Sandro Loche, Marco Cappa, Lucia Ghizzoni, Mohamad Maghnie, & Martin O. Savage, eds., ''Pediatric Neuroendocrinology'').〕 Although there is no substantial evidence which suggests parenting or early childhood experiences play a role in sexual orientation,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Submission to the Church of England’s Listening Exercise on Human Sexuality )〕 some studies have linked parenting or familial environment to non-heterosexual identities,〔 as well as childhood gender nonconformity and homosexuality. ==Sexual orientation compared with sexual orientation identity== The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health states, "For some people, sexual orientation is continuous and fixed throughout their lives. For others, sexual orientation may be fluid and change over time."〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://knowledgex.camh.net/amhspecialists/Screening_Assessment/assessment/ARQ2/Pages/arq2_question_a2.aspx )〕 The American Psychological Association, however, states, "Sexual orientation identity—not sexual orientation—appears to change via psychotherapy, support groups, and life events." Often, sexual orientation and sexual orientation identity are not distinguished, which can impact accurately assessing sexual identity and whether or not sexual orientation is able to change; sexual orientation identity can change throughout an individual's life, and may or may not align with biological sex, sexual behavior or actual sexual orientation.〔Sinclair, Karen, About Whoever: The Social Imprint on Identity and Orientation, NY, 2013 ISBN 9780981450513〕〔Rosario, M., Schrimshaw, E., Hunter, J., & Braun, L. (2006, February). Sexual identity development among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths: Consistency and change over time" ''Journal of Sex Research'' 43(1), 46–58. Retrieved April 4, 2009, from PsycINFO database.〕 Scholar Lisa Diamond, when reviewing research on lesbian and bisexual women's sexual identities, stated that studies find "change and fluidity in same-sex sexuality that contradict conventional models of sexual orientation as a fixed and uniformly early-developing trait." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Environment and sexual orientation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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